Asia Life Sciences

Abstract : Dealing with unpredictable events, medical care for acutely ill and traumatic patients, violence, acute life-threatening conditions, sudden death and overcrowding caused occupational hazards for the nurses worked in emergency department (ED) and this job stress is linked to higher rates of depression. The study aimed to determine the level of anxiety and depression among emergency nurses at government hospital in Selangor, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study involved 167 emergency nurses worked in five government’s hospital in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 167 participants completed the questionnaire. Almost half of the nurses (45%) aged between 21 to 25 years old. Most of them (87.4%) were females and 73% of them experienced working less than 5 years. Majority of the emergency nurses experienced low level of anxiety (91%) while 71.3% of them in a normal level of depression. This study reported that the level of anxiety and depression were more significance among female nurses (r = 0.17, p-value =0.03). There was negative relationship between level of depression with age (r = -0.18, p-value =0.02) and years of services (r = -0.19, p-value =0.02). Prevalence of anxiety and depression among the ED nurses in this study was low and significantly among the female nurses. Depression were more significant among the younger nurses with work experiences less than 5 years. Strategies for managing occupational stress seem to be required in order to support the future ED nurses in order to ensure that quality patient outcomes are achieved

Abstract : Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound consisting of diphenylmethane base with two hydroxyphenyl functional groups. It was first synthesized in 1891 and is currently used globally in the production of consumer products such as plastic bottles, food and beverage cans, dental sealants, eyeglass lenses, medical devices and as an additive in other plastics. BPA has been extensively studied and has become widely known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Several studies reported that BPA is not only disruptive to endocrine system, but also a potent developmental toxin at very low doses. Exposure to BPA in early life may cause infertility, early puberty, cancer, and disrupt normal behavior. Pregnant women, infants and young children are the most vulnerable groups to the harmful effects of BPA. Recent discoveries linked BPA exposures to risk of metabolic diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodevelopmental problem and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) due to their epigenetic inheritance effects that were transferred from the parents intergenerationally. However, to date, studies relating to BPA’s effects on fetal health and development especially on its potential to modify and disrupt epigenome profiling in early embryogenesis remain scarce and are still inconclusive. Hence, this review is written with the intention of providing an additional overview of the effects of BPA in fetal health and development