Title : Studying gut microbiome in type-2-diabetes patients: A mini review
Abstract :Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic condition finding disparity in blood glucose levels, change in lipid profile, along with hypertension. An individual’s genetic profile also plays an important role towards developing a high risk of T2D including diet rich in high fat, and a sedentary lifestyle. Over the decade there has been rise in studies showing fast evolution of the gut microbiome which changes the intestinal barrier function, associated metabolism and signal transduction pathways and further influence insulin resistance mechanisms in the gut and the pancreas. Microbes in the gut regulate the host mechanism by interacting with various intestinal receptors which leads to influence on the heart, lungs and liver. Other environmental induced components also cause a shift in the host metabolism of the T2D individuals such as diet, antibiotics, diabetes specific medication, steroids which alter the gut microbiota of the host. However, the microbiome hence influences majority of the processes in food assimilation, but the exact mechanism of action remains unknown. Hence, special attention should remain in knowing the relationship between the gut microbiome and T2D metabolism regulation to open new avenues for research, discussion and clinically manifesting the maintenance of the same.