Asia Life Sciences

Abstract : Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound consisting of diphenylmethane base with two hydroxyphenyl functional groups. It was first synthesized in 1891 and is currently used globally in the production of consumer products such as plastic bottles, food and beverage cans, dental sealants, eyeglass lenses, medical devices and as an additive in other plastics. BPA has been extensively studied and has become widely known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Several studies reported that BPA is not only disruptive to endocrine system, but also a potent developmental toxin at very low doses. Exposure to BPA in early life may cause infertility, early puberty, cancer, and disrupt normal behavior. Pregnant women, infants and young children are the most vulnerable groups to the harmful effects of BPA. Recent discoveries linked BPA exposures to risk of metabolic diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodevelopmental problem and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) due to their epigenetic inheritance effects that were transferred from the parents intergenerationally. However, to date, studies relating to BPA’s effects on fetal health and development especially on its potential to modify and disrupt epigenome profiling in early embryogenesis remain scarce and are still inconclusive. Hence, this review is written with the intention of providing an additional overview of the effects of BPA in fetal health and development

Abstract : This in vitro study investigates if commercial coke (CK) and orange juice (OJ) can cause a tooth stain over 7 days of pH-cycling and whether quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) can evaluate a tooth stain. Ten bovine enamel specimens underwent a 7-day pH-cycling model, using CK, OJ, and a remineralizing solution. Before the daily pH-cycling, white-light and fluorescence images of the enamel surface were photographed with QLF-D to evaluate the changes in L*, a*, b* values, color change (ΔE), mean fluorescence loss (ΔF, %), maximum fluorescence loss (∆FMax, %) compared to those at baseline. While the CK group showed significant differences in ∆E, ∆F, and ∆FMax over 7 days of the pH-cycling, the OJ group showed no significant differences. As the days progressed, the teeth L*, a*, b* in both groups tended to become similar to the L*, a*, b* in the drink itself. Significant correlations were found between ∆E, ∆F, and ∆FMax when the correlation analysis was performed excluding missing values for each pair (p<0.05). While OJ did not show a significant difference in ∆E, ∆F, and ∆FMax during the pH-cycling, the CK caused a significant tooth stain. Further, QLF-D can be used as a supplementary tool in checking a tooth stain