Asia Life Sciences

Abstract :

Aerosol spray insecticides are widely available in Indonesia's public market to control the German cockroach population, but the reports on their effectiveness are still limited. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of six pyrethroid insecticides in the form of aerosol sprays (By, Ht, Vp, Nm, Mt, and Fm) against field German Cockroaches populations in Indonesia (Palembang and Bukittinggi populations). Five insecticides effectively paralyzed the Bukittinggi population and ineffective to the Palembang population by the knockdown time (KT90) criteria. All aerosol insecticides were ineffective in killing Bukittinggi and Palembang Cockroaches populations by the lethal time (LT90) criteria. The pyrethroid insecticides sold in the public market were no longer effective in killing the German Cockroaches population. The results show a high level of resistance in two German cockroach populations in Indonesia

Abstract :

Spearmint or mint, Mentha spicata a perennial plant of the family Lamiaceae (or Labiaceae, Labiatae), of the genus Mentha, cultivated as an aromatic plant, is a species widely used in traditional medicine for its biological properties attributed mainly to polyphenols. In the context of the valorization of medicinal and aromatic plants of Morocco, during this study, we focused on the phenolic compounds identification, antioxidant activity (in vitro) and acute oral toxicity in wistar rat of the Moroccan Mentha spicata plant collected in the Casablanca region- Settat (benslimane province). The results of the antioxidant activity assay showed that the polyphenol assay shows that the methanolic extract is better than the aqueous extract with respectively 2.14 ± 0.34 GAE/g DW and 0.682 ± 0.07 GAE/g DW. Even for the flavonoids with respectively 2.81 ± 0.38 QE/g DW and 0.79 ± 0.02 QE/g DW, but for tannins the results show that the aqueous extract is better than the methanolic extract with 156.96 ± 69.52 CE/g DW and 95.7 ± 86.26 CE /g DW respectively. It is also concluded that the methanolic extract has a higher activity antioxidant than the aqueous extract with EC50 values of 0.173 ± 0.013 mg/ml and 0.191 ± 0.07 mg/ml, respectively. Regarding the acute oral toxicity in wistar rat, the values revealed that there was a similar range of Lethal dose 50 (LD50) dose values for the two extracts of the plant Mentha spicata, from 5000 to 7500 mg/kg of the body weight of the rats. The determination of the (LD50) of ethanol extracts of Plant of Mentha spicata, showed that from the dose 5000 mg/kg, hypo activity was observed in rats, while for the aqueous extract it is from 10,000 mg/kg that hypo activity appeared. General signs of toxicity due to large doses of this plants extract, which is significant compared to the other parts

Abstract :

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in the world, its incidence with mortality is increasing. Conventional antidiabetic drugs are effective but their unavoidable side effects and cost impose an alternative source of antidiabetic agents presented in medicinal plants. The aim of this study is to identify and confirm if the hypoglycaemic plants are used in traditional management of diabetes in the North of Morocco (province of Tetouan). Collection data were carried out in the provincial hospital center of Tetouan. In Total, 235 diabetic patients were randomly selected and interviewed about the use of hypoglycaemic plants in traditional management of diabetes. The analysis of questionnaire showed that the frequency of the use of hypoglycemic plants is 28.89% where ten plants were assessed in the management of diabetes. Other outcome also provides that woman belonging from rural areas are more consumers of these plants in management of their diabetes. The value of hypoglycaemic plants represents an efficient traditional natural supply in the management of diabetes in developing countries as Morocco. The therapeutic potential of these plants requires more investigation and more experimentation. This traditional heritage will have an added value if the Moroccan healthcare system formalise the use of medicinal plants according to WHO traditional medicine strategy 2014-2023

Abstract : Indonesia has very high fishery commodities production. It also has the potential to increase the economic condition of coastal communities. Grouper commodity contributes greatly in increasing the country's export. One obstacle that still affects the export is the quality of grouper commodities. Indonesian grouper often deals with parasitic infections. This study aimed to determine the type and prevalence of parasites that infect grouper commodities both cultivated, consumed and as ornamental fish in Buleleng Regency, Bali, Indonesia. Descriptive analysis was used in this research to clearly explain the prevalence of the infection. The results showed that 80 collected and examined grouper samples in fry, consumption, and ornamental commodities, nine samples were found to be positively infected. The type of parasite found was Trichodina sp. and Diplectanum sp. with a total prevalence of 11.25%. The target organs infected in tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) commodities were gills and fins, showing the potential of quality reduction caused by parasite infection in grouper commodities. Prevention and curing action should be carried out to reduce further loss potential in the commodities of grouper in Buleleng, Bali.

Abstract : Polypharmacy is prevalent among the aging population and has been a public health concern worldwide. Polypharmacy can have various negative effects on health, thus increasing the healthcare costs among the elderly. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors of polypharmacy among community-dwelling elderly in South Korea using nationally representative sample data. This cross-sectional, descriptive study used data from the 4th wave of the Living Condition of Elderly Study in South Korea conducted in 2017. The data of 12,290 participants aged ≥65 years were analyzed. Polypharmacy was defined as the use of five or more prescribed or non-prescribed medications for over 3 months. The prevalence of polypharmacy was 39.3%. The elderly showing a significant correlation with polypharmacy were predominantly women, older in age, less educated, and not married. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the greatest risk factor of polypharmacy was presence of angina or myocardial infarction (OR = 5.506, 95% CI = 4.528, 6.695, p < .001). The other risk factors included advanced age, a lower level of education, diagnoses of stroke, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, low back pain, and depression. This study found that the prevalence of polypharmacy in community-dwelling older adults in South Korea was high. When controlled for other variables, advanced age, a lower education level, cardiovascular diseases, low back pain, and depression were found to be independent risk factors of polypharmacy. Further studies need to be conducted regarding changes in the prevalence of polypharmacy over time and its relationships with different variables in the long term.