Asia Life Sciences

Abstract : Soils are the fundamental unit of agricultural and food production. Intensive cultivation practices affect the physico-chemical properties of soils and, thus, the quality of their organic matter in the short and long term. The main objective of this research is to characterize and evaluate the agricultural land of the northern region of the wilaya of Souk Ahras and the southern region of the wilaya of Guelma (northeast of Algeria), which was based on simple random sampling in the collection of soil samples. The results of the physicochemical characterization of the soils and the assessment of the state of the organic matter of these agricultural soils show that they have a sandy clay texture, a slightly acidic to alkaline chemical character, a variable organic matter rate, low to medium, and a low hygroscopic humidity level. All these things lead to progressive degradation of the quality and fertility of agricultural soils and their organic matter, affecting their yield and sustainable development. To this end, we recommend that farmers avoid intensive agriculture, which in particular has many harmful effects on agricultural land and often monitors and controls the latter without attacking them.

Abstract : Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are neurotoxic proteins primarily produced by an anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium from the genus Clostridium such as Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium barati. There are many entry routs forms of the toxin into the body (intestine, anaerobic wounds, respiratory tract, etc). BoNTs causes paralysis by inhibiting neurotransmitter release, acetylcholine, mainly at peripheral cholinergic nerve terminals of the skeletal and autonomic nervous system and enter into their cytosol where they cleave SNARE proteins thus blocking the release of neurotransmitters. The observation that the cleavage of VAMP, a synaptic vesicle protein, was sufficient to cause neuroparalysis provided a final demonstration of the quantal hypothesis of neurotransmitter release. Moreover, Long-term experience with BoNT/A1 and BoNT/B1 as therapeutics has provided no indications of neuronal damage after repeated treatments extended over many years. For future uses, developing antibodies limits the repeated use of high-dose injection of type A botulinum toxin, May lead to therapeutic failure. So, discovering alternatives serotypes of Botulinum toxin types such as type F which is lower potency, efficacy and shorter duration of action that blocks a different SNARE protein as compared to type A toxin. In contrast, Understanding the molecular level of BoTN associate to develop drugs.