Asia Life Sciences

Abstract : Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are neurotoxic proteins primarily produced by an anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium from the genus Clostridium such as Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium barati. There are many entry routs forms of the toxin into the body (intestine, anaerobic wounds, respiratory tract, etc). BoNTs causes paralysis by inhibiting neurotransmitter release, acetylcholine, mainly at peripheral cholinergic nerve terminals of the skeletal and autonomic nervous system and enter into their cytosol where they cleave SNARE proteins thus blocking the release of neurotransmitters. The observation that the cleavage of VAMP, a synaptic vesicle protein, was sufficient to cause neuroparalysis provided a final demonstration of the quantal hypothesis of neurotransmitter release. Moreover, Long-term experience with BoNT/A1 and BoNT/B1 as therapeutics has provided no indications of neuronal damage after repeated treatments extended over many years. For future uses, developing antibodies limits the repeated use of high-dose injection of type A botulinum toxin, May lead to therapeutic failure. So, discovering alternatives serotypes of Botulinum toxin types such as type F which is lower potency, efficacy and shorter duration of action that blocks a different SNARE protein as compared to type A toxin. In contrast, Understanding the molecular level of BoTN associate to develop drugs.

Abstract : Epilepsy is a chronic cerebral disease which always incites medical researchers to invent its treatment in order to develop efficient drugs with low doses and very few side effects. In the first part of our research, we classified the different semiological characteristics of epileptic and antiepileptic seizures, and in the second part, we compared the recommended minimum theoretical dosage of antiepileptic drugs and the practical reality. The study was carried out on 68 epileptic consultants selected from the neurologist's practice patients (Dr. Sedairia). The selection was made on the basis of different parameters: sex, type and frequency of seizures, age at first seizure, current age, results of complementary examinations: EEG, MRI, CT as well as therapeutic management. The results show that the drug dose can be influenced by various factors, among them pharmacogenetics and the role of the blood-brain barrier, but the theoretical doses indicated are very high compared to the practical reality, and it could be said that if the indicated doses were to be followed, all patients would be overdosed with adverse side effects; so if a low dose of an anti-epileptic drug can balance a patient's epilepsy, they do not have to use higher doses just because the levels are low.